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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white, water-insoluble solid, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tones. It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at $13.2 billion.